One of the most important, yet least understood, concepts in all of physics. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
If you're looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms - a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically: https://snatoms.com
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A huge thank you to those who helped us understand different aspects of this complicated topic - Dr. Ashmeet Singh, Supriya Krishnamurthy, Dr. Jos Thijssen, Dr. Bijoy Bera, Dr. Timon Idema, and Dr. Misha Titov.
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References:
Carnot, S. (1824). Reflections on the motive power of heat: and on machines fitted to develop that power. - https://ve42.co/Carnot1890
Harnessing The True Power Of Atoms | Order And Disorder Documentaries, Spark via YouTube - https://ve42.co/OrderDisorder
A better description of entropy, Steve Mould via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Mould2016
Dugdale, J. S. (1996). Entropy and its physical meaning. CRC Press. - https://ve42.co/Dugdale1996
Schroeder, D. V. (1999). An introduction to thermal physics. - https://ve42.co/Schroeder2021
Fowler, M. Heat Engines: the Carnot Cycle, University of Virginia. - https://ve42.co/Fowler2023
Chandler, D.L. (2010). Explained: The Carnot Limit, MIT News - https://ve42.co/Chandler2010
Entropy, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/EntropyWiki
Clausius, R. (1867). The mechanical theory of heat. Van Voorst. - https://ve42.co/Clausius1867
What is entropy? TED-Ed via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Phillips2017
Thijssen, J. (2018) Lecture Notes Statistical Physics, TU Delft.
Schneider, E. D., & Kay, J. J. (1994). Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics. Mathematical and computer modelling, 19(6-8), 25-48. - https://ve42.co/Schneider1994
Lineweaver, C. H., & Egan, C. A. (2008). Life, gravity and the second law of thermodynamics. Physics of Life Reviews, 5(4), 225-242. - https://ve42.co/Lineweaver2008
Michaelian, K. (2012). HESS Opinions" Biological catalysis of the hydrological cycle: life's thermodynamic function". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(8), 2629-2645. - https://ve42.co/Michaelian2012
England, J. L. (2013). Statistical physics of self-replication. The Journal of chemical physics, 139(12), 09B623_1. - https://ve42.co/England2013
England, J. L. (2015). Dissipative adaptation in driven self-assembly. Nature nanotechnology, 10(11), 919-923. - https://ve42.co/England2015
Wolchover, N. (2014). A New Physics Theory of Life, Quantamagazine - https://ve42.co/Wolchover2014
Lineweaver, C. H. (2013). The entropy of the universe and the maximum entropy production principle. In Beyond the Second Law: Entropy Production and Non-equilibrium Systems (pp. 415-427). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - https://ve42.co/LineweaverEntropy
Bekenstein, J.D. (1972). Black holes and the second law. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 4, 737–740. - https://ve42.co/Bekenstein1972
Carroll, S.M. (2022). The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion. Penguin Publishing Group. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2022
Black hole thermodynamics, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/BlackHoleTD
Cosmology and the arrow of time: Sean Carroll at TEDxCaltech, TEDx Talks via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollTEDx
Carroll, S. M. (2008). The cosmic origins of time's arrow. Scientific American, 298(6), 48-57. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2008
The Passage of Time and the Meaning of Life | Sean Carroll (Talk + Q&A), Long Now Foundation via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollLNF
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Written by Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver & Jamie MacLeod
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller, Albert Leung & Raquel Nuno
Molecular collisions video by CSIRO's Data61 via YouTube: Simulation of water freezing into ice
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and by courtesy of NASA, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Flight Lab/ CI Lab, NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, HMI, and WMAP science teams. As well as the Advanced Visualization Laboratory at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, B. Robertson, L. Hernquist
Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, & Casper Mebius
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@benjaminwarr Says:
You think it is poorly understood in physics ? Try economics ….. neoliberal neoclassical economists just totally ignore it. I suggest searching for publications by the late Professor Robert Ayres, physicist-economist and unique thinker.
@ah_mad_man Says:
My name is Santi I'm a nerd lol
@luiskidzoo2487 Says:
Mucha retórica
@tsultrim774 Says:
This is art. The only part I missed was the White Holes, but don't know how scientific they are.
@richardmcbroom102 Says:
More precisely it is the carbon that is removed from the atmosphere as fossil fuels. When it is extracted and burned it becomes CO2, a greenhouse gas. Earth darkening (darker albedo) from deforestation and melting ice (1 degree hotter is showing a lot of that occurring ) means that the ability of the planet to reflect excess light (its albedo) is reduced. Trees convert CO2 to carbon and oxygen (which humans breath and exhale as CO2). This delicate balance of symbiosis (where total effect is greater than the sum of its parts) is failing by excess human activity. The synergistic interaction between CO2 and earth darkening means that unthinking human demands for farmland and energy are pushing the climate toward a precipice. The solution is for for either every individual to increasingly have a drastically smaller footprint, or to have fewer children (we are already squandering their future by living on a debt to be passed on to them)
@US0726 Says:
This is the 4th time in watching this video in the last 2 years.
@therhinoceros1 Says:
0:40 The correct question is what does the sun SHARE with the earth!
@life0fjah Says:
this video is beautiful
@SHAD0WZOMBIE Says:
A guy from spacex told me he was getting into the concepts of reverse entropy when we were having a casual conversation about science.. He asked me if I could give him an example and I said "A refrigerator?". He said "no, Humans are" ..which,.. i mean come on... we are no more reverse entropy than a refrigerator.. and I was right! I love that varitasiums example is an air conditioner :P They offered me an internship i said nah im good. Also everyone at spacex i met that had met elon musk said he was an absolute dickhead and completely full of himself. Which i think has been proven true now.. This was over 10 years ago. Was there when they first attempted to land a rocket on a floating platform.. It blew up and i have a few pieces of the falcon 9 :)
@AANz997 Says:
16:24 peak 🔥🔥
@raphaelcoelho1557 Says:
I would write at the beginning. The sun give us flux! Thermodynamics only explain equilibrium locally at least. But the path to equilibria is dictated by transport phenomena. And the entropy paths are infinite. It's an inequality. We just know it's constant or increased but it's the energy, momentum, mass and charge that are conservative determining the path. Actually, the path depends upon the history. Is interesting that the lower entropy increase rate we produce, the slower we go to equilibrium. That's a reason not to generate that much entropy we are generating!
@frankvoncobbenrodt885 Says:
Was soll das?👎
@sairamanand7346 Says:
1.47 is kirchoff's law of heat and radiation
@alexb8332 Says:
AI
Hab schon lange kein so nerviges Video mehr gestartet. Wer das Liked ist krank
@ZackThompson-b9m Says:
No wonder why tribel people worshipped the Sun.
@nananananana10 Says:
Original Title was: I fart on kids head???
@ralfbogner289 Says:
Das Video muss ich mal als gut befinden weil Entropie ist tatsächlich nicht so einfach als Grad der Unordnung zu verstehen. vielen Dank.
@richardmcbroom102 Says:
We live in the precarious "Goldy Locks Zone" of everything. Intelligent life keeps the balance of carbon underground and above ground in the atmosphere.. Selfish, unthinking humans are harvesting the stored energy (sunlight) from under the ground to catastrophically tip the balance to sustain a unsustainable population. For all of human history available sunlight limited the human population to around one billion, until fossil sunlight allowed rapid exponential growth coming at the advent of the industrial age. True that 1 degree is small, but it is enough to melt glaciers and snow cover. This combined with earth darkening from deforestation needed for farmland, means that more sunlight is absorbed as useless blackbody heat (anybody that has worn a black shirt in the sunlight knows this effect-- solar panels exploit that effect). More atmospheric carbon plus earth darkening (all from human activity) could reach a tipping point where all human interventions fail, meaning that by the time the problem is realized it is too late to do anything about it. Doubt is only helping the polluters gain selfish profit to the detriment of the future..
@SukhbirBrar-n8u Says:
This video felt like watching the greatest movies created of all time❤️
@freebird3529 Says:
Video soo good a new curve formed on my brain:3
Gonna study now that I'm feeling smarter.
@MissEthiopiaTheFirst Says:
Jesus conquered entropy.
@Okheerz1 Says:
Sorry. My least favorite video from one of my favorite content producers. Many, many questions. “Hot bar/cold bar”- why need cold bar? If add cold bar, doesn’t it heat up precisely as much as heat lost from hot bar (net zero)? Why does the cylinder mysteriously compress, if it finally expanded to ambient room temp? Chlorophyll-isn’t that why life exists: absorbs energy from sun, which is transferred up the food chain. Finally, you never answer the question-how much energy is absorbed by the biomass of the earth? 1%? A lot is reflected by clouds, icecaps, I get it. Obviously, my roommate took “Thermal”, not me.
@Niksof07 Says:
40 dias não faz sentido
@richardmcbroom102 Says:
"Stupid is as stupid does."
--Winston Groom
@jadsondossantos1950 Says:
Jadson turma 404
@neemiasrr Says:
Neemias Viana da Silva
@Skyzzeraa6 Says:
Marcus Vinicius
Etmac
A404
@andreydias8479 Says:
Vi e curti os vídeos
(Andrey Dias da Silva A404)
@KawhanLVP6000 Says:
eu assisti o vídeo
turma 404
kawhan carneiro
@robertroberto6171 Says:
Roberto ETMAC A404
@akpaul42 Says:
Super helpful in grasping Entropy. Learning is so cool. I wish I had been this interested in school. Thank you for helping me feel like I have some grasp of how things work. 😊
@hardxcorpsgaming Says:
As a physics guy, ive always used the analogy of a swirl in a river as an analogy for life as a low entropy anomaly - it is a decrease in local entropy naturally, in a river of so much chaotic entropy, but in the end it always gets dispersed amongst the environment and total entropy is increased still. Life is a swirl of entropy, a very beautiful one, but in the end we too will depart and leave behind a wake of increased overall entropy. Also humans i think, intelligent life in general, recognizes changes in entropy that aren't natural. A violation in entropy is instantly recognizable by many creatures. Its kind of like an uncanny valley but for life in general - life recognizes the affects of life as distinct from 'natural' processes.
@151dgold13Tx-q Says:
Brillante exposición, aunque es un tema harto complejo
@jhonjaironietoduque1145 Says:
Entonces el nivel de entropía en planetas como Júpiter, Saturno y Venus debería ser considerado una biofirma.
@TtUuu-h7h Says:
21:56 loved this 😂❤idk why I laugh but I hv read entropy formula in 12th grade chemistry so it's just blows my mind thanks for publishing video ❤
@henrikasvitkauskas8913 Says:
Yes gips free energy
@CapriCaprese Says:
So I guess whoever came up with the cyclic big bang theory needs revision if in fact entropy increases as the universe expands then where does the energy get consumed before a ‘new’ big bang begins with a low entropic state
@MGZ136 Says:
Is therefore global warming a natural unevitable flow towards higher entropy? We are basically just trying to flow slower in entropy terms, but the endgame is inevitable
@Henning_Rech Says:
1:37 Wrong. The earth produces energy by radioactive decay (converting mass to energy) which is a good part of the reason why the planet's core is hot and liquid. Thus it radiates MORE energy than it receives.
@WolfgangSchiedeck Says:
Menge blödsinn, wo kommt die Wärme her
@richardmcbroom102 Says:
DNA is the antenna. Order is quantum encoded during evolution of life and the universe.
@gonzalorosvela Says:
osea que es probable que el rol de la vida sea tener la capacidad voluntaria de generar entropia de forma artificial y mantener el movimiento termico que hace que el universo no se apaga. como un segundo estadio de la energia....osea la vida es energia con voluntad
@marleneganslmeier6366 Says:
I needed this video in 2017 😢 forever scared my thermodynamic
Prigogine is needed to explain the Complexity in detail. I'm looking forward to the video.
@egomeniza Says:
Energie nimmt nicht ab, wie im Video erklärt. Energie ist immer gleich. Nur die Energiedifferenz nimmt immer mehr ab. Das ist Entropie. Ohne Energiedifferenz ist alls tot. Dann gibt es auch keine Zeit mehr.
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